Composition Fallacy
Spot the Fallacy Team
Team Content
The composition fallacy assumes what is true of parts must be true of the whole.
The composition fallacy assumes what is true of parts must be true of the whole.
Why it is a fallacy
A claim needs evidence that connects the reasons to the conclusion. This fallacy skips that connection or replaces it with a shortcut.
Examples
- Each player is talented, so the team must be unbeatable.
- Every ingredient is delicious, so the dish must be perfect.
- Each employee is productive, therefore the company is efficient.
How to respond
- Ask whether the whole has properties beyond its parts.
- Look for evidence about the system or group as a whole.
- Test the claim with real outcomes.
Related fallacies
FAQ
When is composition valid?
When the property truly transfers from parts to the whole.
How can I challenge composition?
Ask for evidence that the group outcome matches individual traits.
References
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fallacies)
- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Logic and Critical Thinking)
- Nizkor Project (Fallacies)