Correlation vs Causation Fallacy

Correlation versus causation fallacy assumes that because two things move together, one causes the other.

Why it is a fallacy

A claim needs evidence that connects the reasons to the conclusion. This fallacy skips that connection or replaces it with a shortcut.

Examples

• Ice cream sales rise with drownings, so ice cream causes drownings.
• People who exercise live longer, so exercise is the only cause of longevity.
• The stock rose after the tweet, so the tweet caused the rise.

How to respond

• Ask whether there is a plausible mechanism linking the two.
• Consider whether a third variable explains both.
• Look for controlled studies or experiments.

Related fallacies

• An Introduction to Logical Fallacies
• Logical Fallacies List

FAQ

How is this different from false cause?
It is a common form of false cause focused on correlation.

What helps establish causation?
Mechanisms, controls, and repeated evidence across contexts.

References

• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fallacies)
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Logic and Critical Thinking)
• Nizkor Project (Fallacies)